Home Systems and Maintenance Checklist

1. HVAC (Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning) Maintenance

A well-maintained HVAC system improves air quality, efficiency, and comfort year-round.

1.1 Change Air Filters Regularly

Dirty filters reduce efficiency and can lead to poor air quality.

How to do this:

• Replace HVAC filters every 1 to 3 months, depending on the type and household conditions.
• Use high-quality HEPA filters if allergies or respiratory issues are a concern.
• Mark a reminder on your calendar or set a phone alert to stay on schedule.

Why it matters:

• Clean filters reduce energy costs and extend the lifespan of the system.
• Improves indoor air quality and reduces allergens.

1.2 Schedule Professional HVAC Inspections

Annual maintenance keeps heating and cooling systems running efficiently.

How to do this:

• Schedule a professional tune-up in the fall for heating and spring for air conditioning.
• Have technicians check for leaks, worn-out parts, and thermostat calibration.
• Clean vents and ducts if dust buildup is noticeable.

Why it matters:

• Prevents costly breakdowns during extreme weather.
• Ensures the system is operating at peak efficiency.

2. Plumbing System Checks

A small leak can turn into major water damage if left unattended.

2.1 Inspect for Leaks and Water Damage

Leaky faucets and pipes waste water and can cause mold issues.

How to do this:

• Check under sinks, around toilets, and near water heaters for signs of moisture or discoloration.
• Run faucets and check for low water pressure, which could indicate a leak.
• Listen for running toilets and fix them to prevent water waste.

Why it matters:

• Prevents water damage and mold growth.
• Saves money on water bills by catching leaks early.

2.2 Drain and Flush the Water Heater

Sediment buildup can reduce efficiency and shorten the lifespan of a water heater.

How to do this:

• Turn off the water heater and attach a hose to the drain valve.
• Drain a few gallons of water or fully flush it once a year.
• Check the temperature setting to ensure it is not set too high (120°F is recommended).

Why it matters:

• Improves efficiency and prevents the heater from overworking.
• Extends the lifespan of the unit and prevents unexpected breakdowns.

3. Electrical System Maintenance

Electrical issues can be a fire hazard if not addressed.

3.1 Test Smoke and Carbon Monoxide Detectors

These devices are essential for home safety but often go unchecked.

How to do this:

• Press the test button on smoke and CO detectors once a month.
• Replace batteries every six months, even if the alarm has not gone off.
• Replace detectors every 10 years for smoke alarms and 5 to 7 years for CO detectors.

Why it matters:

• Working detectors save lives in case of fire or gas leaks.
• Prevents false alarms or dead batteries when they are needed most.

3.2 Inspect and Reset Circuit Breakers

Overloaded circuits can lead to electrical failures or fires.

How to do this:

• Check the electrical panel for any tripped breakers and reset if necessary.
• Label breakers clearly so they are easy to identify during outages.
• If fuses or circuits trip frequently, consult an electrician to inspect for wiring issues.

Why it matters:

• Prevents electrical fires and protects appliances from damage.
• Helps ensure power distribution is safe and efficient.

4. Roof and Exterior Maintenance

The roof and exterior protect the home from weather damage and pests.

4.1 Inspect the Roof for Damage

A small issue can quickly turn into costly repairs if ignored.

How to do this:

• Look for missing or damaged shingles, sagging areas, or signs of leaks inside the home.
• Check for moss or algae growth, which can cause deterioration.
• After storms, inspect for branches or debris that could cause damage.

Why it matters:

• Prevents leaks and water damage.
• Extends the life of the roof and avoids costly replacements.

4.2 Clean Gutters and Downspouts

Clogged gutters can lead to water damage and foundation issues.

How to do this:

• Remove leaves and debris at least twice a year, in spring and fall.
• Ensure downspouts direct water away from the foundation.
• Install gutter guards if frequent clogging is an issue.

Why it matters:

• Prevents roof damage, basement flooding, and foundation cracks.
• Helps water flow properly during heavy rain.

5. Seasonal and Miscellaneous Maintenance

Some tasks only need attention once or twice a year but are just as important.

5.1 Service and Test Lawn Irrigation Systems

Sprinkler systems should be checked seasonally to avoid leaks and malfunctions.

How to do this:

• Turn on sprinklers in the spring and check for leaks, broken heads, or misaligned nozzles.
• In colder climates, winterize the system before freezing temperatures.

Why it matters:

• Saves water and prevents damage to underground pipes.
• Ensures even watering and avoids overuse.

5.2 Check Foundation and Crawlspaces for Moisture Issues

Excess moisture can lead to structural damage and mold growth.

How to do this:

• Inspect the foundation for cracks or signs of water intrusion.
• Look for damp areas, musty smells, or standing water in crawlspaces or basements.
• Consider using a dehumidifier if humidity levels are high.

Why it matters:

• Prevents costly foundation repairs.
• Reduces the risk of mold and mildew.

Final Thoughts

Regular home maintenance helps prevent costly repairs, improves safety, and keeps everything running smoothly. Creating a schedule for these tasks ensures nothing gets overlooked. Whether you are maintaining your own home or helping a loved one, staying proactive will save time, money, and stress in the long run.